Sustainable development of the national economy of ukraine: challenges, risks and prospects

Abstract

The article is devoted to an in-depth analysis of the concept of sustainable development of the national economy of Ukraine, which, in the context of modern challenges, is gaining strategic importance for forming a competitive, inclusive, and environmentally balanced model of the economy. The work explores the multidimensional nature of sustainable development, encompassing economic, social, environmental, and institutional components. Particular attention is paid to the study of the challenges that Ukraine has faced as a result of Russian aggression, economic recession, global climate change, and demographic threats. The main risks are analyzed, including a significant reduction in GDP, the destruction of critical infrastructure, labor migration, the energy crisis, and the growing level of social inequality. The article focuses on Ukraine's integration into global economic processes, particularly the prospect of membership in the European Union, which opens up new opportunities for economic growth and the implementation of modern sustainable development standards. The authors explore the potential of digitalization, innovation, and "green" energy as drivers of economic recovery, emphasizing the role of international cooperation and attracting investment in these areas. Particular attention is paid to the possibilities of post-war economic recovery, which involves implementing a large-scale reconstruction plan with an emphasis on the ecological modernization of industry and the development of transport and social infrastructure. The article offers several recommendations for the government of Ukraine aimed at minimizing the risks associated with macroeconomic instability, improving public administration mechanisms, ensuring the transparency of financial flows, and increasing institutional capacity. The importance of implementing a comprehensive policy based on the principles of sustainable development, aimed at achieving a balance between economic, social, and environmental priorities, is emphasized. The work is an important contribution to the scientific discussion on ways to transform the Ukrainian economy in the face of global challenges and local constraints, offering practical approaches to implementing the concept of sustainable development.