Financial and Fiscal Instruments of the Special Export Regime in Preventing the Shadow Economy in Foreign Trade Operations

Abstract

The article examines the introduction of a special export support regime as a tool to counteract shadow schemes in foreign economic activity, as stipulated by the Law of Ukraine No. 3706-IX. Particular attention is paid to the financial, tax, and foreign exchange legal aspects of implementing this regime under the conditions of Ukraine’s current economic environment. A comprehensive analysis is conducted on amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine, the Law "On Currency and Currency Transactions," the Law "On Foreign Economic Activity," and other regulatory acts aimed at establishing an effective system of control over agricultural export operations.

The article reveals the mechanisms for restricting export activities of entities that are not VAT payers, as well as in cases where goods are sold below the minimum acceptable prices. The procedure for determining these minimum export prices, their updates by the Ministry of Agrarian Policy, and the tax implications for exporters who fail to comply with current legal requirements are detailed. The specific rules for preparing tax invoices and adjustment calculations are outlined, including compliance with unified units of measurement, mandatory requisites, and deadlines for registration in the Unified Register of Tax Invoices.

In the context of financial monitoring, the study analyzes new rules of foreign exchange control and the obligation of banks to inform the State Tax Service about the completion of settlements with non-residents. Special attention is given to the application of the zero VAT rate to export transactions depending on the level of foreign currency earnings repatriation, which enhances the role of the banking sector in ensuring transparency and efficiency of foreign financial operations. The article also defines the role of public authorities in controlling and administering exporters’ tax obligations, particularly in the use of tax invoices, customs declarations, and forward contracts.

The study concludes that the implementation of the special export support regime is a significant step toward financial de-shadowing of the export sector, increasing transparency in foreign trade activities, and improving fiscal control mechanisms. The findings are of interest to scholars, financial analysts, civil servants, and practitioners in international trade, finance, and banking.