Theoretical foundations of management of foreign economic activity of enterprises under martial law in Ukraine

Abstract

Abstract: The article explores the theoretical and practical foundations of managing foreign economic activity (FEA) of Ukrainian enterprises under martial law. The primary goal is to develop an adaptive management model for FEA that ensures flexibility, resilience, and efficiency in the context of the full-scale war. The study focuses on challenges and opportunities of FEA, transformation of classical management approaches, and the role of state support in export activity during crises. The research employs system analysis, comparative method, content analysis of academic sources, and synthesis of empirical data on enterprise performance. A structural-functional approach was used to assess the effectiveness of management models. A comparative analysis of classical, adaptive, and innovative FEA models is conducted, considering the current political and economic context in Ukraine. The findings indicate that classical FEA models, based on stability and predictability, are no longer effective. The adaptive model, emphasizing digitalization, flexible planning, currency risk hedging, and strong cooperation with government institutions, proves to be the most efficient under wartime conditions. Key adaptation directions include market diversification (with focus on the EU, MENA region), revision of logistics chains (using Danube ports and EU transit), legal reinforcement of contracts, and expansion of cooperation with export credit agencies (ECA). The article also outlines practical tools for enhancing FEA: implementation of digital platforms, logistics automation, currency hedging mechanisms, contract auditing, and participation in international trade exhibitions. Under martial law, the adaptive model of FEA management is the most appropriate, as it enables real-time risk response, enhances operational resilience, and supports long-term strategic development. The innovative model based on ESG principles and digital transformation holds high potential but requires significant investments. The effectiveness of FEA management depends on enterprise flexibility, technological modernization, integration into global value chains, and public-private cooperation. The results of this study can be applied by both business practitioners and policymakers in shaping export support strategies. Future research should focus on sector-specific adaptive models and the role of digital diplomacy in the context of foreign trade instability. Keywords: foreign economic activity, FEA management, adaptive management, innovative model, martial law, currency risks, logistics, digitalization, government support, strategy.